Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM3KJBC)

• Drug Name: Epinephrine
• Synonyms: ADROP; Adnephrine; Adrenal; Adrenalin; Adrenalina; Adrenaline; Adrenalinum; Adrenamine; Adrenan; Adrenapax; Adrenasol; Adrenatrate; Adrenine; Adrenodis; Adrenohorma; Adrenosan; Adrenutol; Adrin; Adrine; Antiasthmatique; Asthmanefrin; Astmahalin; Astminhal; Balmadren; Bernarenin; Biorenine; Bosmin; Brevirenin; Bronkaid; Chelafrin; Corisol; Drenamist; Dylephrin; Epifrin; Epiglaufrin; Epinefrin; Epinefrina; Epinephran; Epinephrin; Epinephrinum; Epipen; Epirenamine; Epirenan; Epirenin; Epitrate; Eppy; Esphygmogenina; Exadrin; Glaucon; Glaucosan; Glauposine; Glycirenan; Haemostasin; Haemostatin; Hektalin; Hemisine; Hemostasin; Hemostatin; Hypernephrin; Hyporenin; IOP; Intranefrin; Iontocaine; Isoptoepinal; Kidoline; Levoadrenaline; Levoepinephrine; Levorenen; Levorenin; Levorenine; Lyophrin; Metanephrin; Methylaminoethanolcatechol; Methylarterenol; Micronefrin; Micronephrine; Mucidrina; Myosthenine; Mytrate; Nephridine; Nieraline; Paranephrin; Primatene; Racepinephrine; Renagladin; Renaglandin; Renaglandulin; Renaleptine; Renalina; Renoform; Renostypricin; Renostypticin; Renostyptin; Scurenaline; Septocaine; Simplene; Sindrenina; Soladren; Sphygmogenin; Stryptirenal; Styptirenal; Supracapsulin; Supradin; Supranefran; Supranephrane; Supranephrine; Supranol; Suprarenaline; Suprarenin; Suprel; Surenine; Surrenine; Susphrine; Takamina; Takamine; Tokamina; Tonogen; Twinject; Vaponefrin; Vasoconstrictine; Vasoconstrictor; Vasodrine; Vasoton; Vasotonin; ADR ADRENALINE; Adrenalin in Oil; Adrenalina [DCIT]; Asmatane Mist; Asthma meter mist; Asthmahaler Mist; Bronkaid Mist; Bronkaid Suspension Mist; Bupivacaine Hcl and Epinephrine; Citanest Forte; EPI E Z PEN JR; EPIPEN E Z PEN; EPIPEN JR; Epi EZ Pen Jr; Epinefrin [Czech]; Epinephrine hydrochloride; Epipen EZ Pen; Primatene Mist; Racemic Epinephrine; Sympathin I; Adrenalin (TN); Adrenalin-Medihaler; Adrenaline (JP15); Adrenaline/Epinephrine; Ana-Guard; Asthma-nefrin; D-Adrenaline; D-Epifrin; D-Epinephrine; Dyspne-Inhal; Epinefrina [INN-Spanish]; Epinephrine (USP); Epinephrinum [INN-Latin]; Epipen (TN); Epipen Auto-Injector; Epipen Jr.; L-Adrenalin; L-Adrenaline; L-Adrenaline Base; L-Epinehphrine; L-Epinephine; L-Epirenamine; L-Methylaminoethanolcatechol; L-epinephrine; Levo-Methylaminoethanolcatechol; Medihaler-Epi; R-Adrenaline; Sus-Phrine; Twinject 0.15; Twinject 0.3; Twinject 0.30; Epinephrine (USP/INN); Epinephrine [USAN:INN:JAN]; Epipen Jr. Auto-Injector; L-Epinephrine (synthetic); SUS-PHRINE SULFITE-FREE; R-(-)-Epinephrine; L-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol; (-)-(R)-Epinephrine; (-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol; (-)-Adrenalin; (-)-Adrenaline; (-)-R-Epinephrine; (R)-(-)-Adnephrine; (R)-(-)-Adrenaline; (R)-(-)-Epinephrine; (R)-(-)-Epirenamine; (R)-4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol; (R)-Adrenaline; (R)-Epinephrine; 1-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol; 1-Adrenalin; 1-Epinephrine; 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol; 4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol; 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol; 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Allergy	4A80-4A85	Approved	[1], [2], [3]

• Therapeutic Class: Vasoconstrictor Agents
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 183.2
  Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp); -1.4
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 3
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 4
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 4
• ADMET Property:
  Elimination: About 40% of a parenteral dose of epinephrine is excreted in urine as metanephrine, 40% as VMA, 7% as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenoglycol, 2% as 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, and the rest as acetylated derivatives [4]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2 - 3 minutes [4]
  Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the enzymic transformation to metanephrine or normetanephrine [5]
  MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.09116 micromolar/kg/day [6]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C9H13NO3
  IUPAC Name: 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
  Canonical SMILES: CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O
  InChI: InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
  InChIKey: UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 5816
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:28918
  CAS Number: 51-43-4
  DrugBank ID: DB00668
  TTD ID: D04PHC
  VARIDT ID: DR00076
  INTEDE ID: DR0590
  ACDINA ID: D00234

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1)	TTR6W5O	ADRB1_HUMAN	Agonist	[7]

Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3)	DT6201N	S22A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)	DEYWLRK	ST1A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A)	DERE4TU	AOFA_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)	DEV3T4A	COMT_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)	DEFQ8VO	TPMT_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Epinephrine (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Methylene blue	DMJAPE7	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Methylene blue.	Acquired methaemoglobinaemia [3A93]	[76]
Droxidopa	DM5YF4M	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Droxidopa.	Autonomic nervous system disorder [8D87]	[77]
Levomilnacipran	DMV26S8	Moderate	Increased risk of rapid heart rate by the combination of Epinephrine and Levomilnacipran.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[78]
Selegiline	DM6034S	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Selegiline.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[76]
Isocarboxazid	DMAF1NB	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Isocarboxazid.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[76]
Milnacipran	DMBFE74	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Milnacipran.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[79]
Tranylcypromine	DMGB5RE	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Tranylcypromine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[76]
Desvenlafaxine	DMHD4PE	Moderate	Increased risk of rapid heart rate by the combination of Epinephrine and Desvenlafaxine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[78]
Phenelzine	DMHIDUE	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Phenelzine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[76]
Ergotamine	DMKR3C5	Major	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Ergotamine.	Headache [8A80-8A84]	[80]
Procarbazine	DMIK367	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Procarbazine.	Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30]	[76]
Ozanimod	DMT6AM2	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Ozanimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[76]
Sibutramine	DMFJTDI	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Sibutramine.	Obesity [5B80-5B81]	[81]
Safinamide	DM0YWJC	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Epinephrine caused by Safinamide mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[82]
Opicapone	DM1BKA6	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Epinephrine caused by Opicapone mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[83]
Rasagiline	DM3WKQ4	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Rasagiline.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[76]
Ergonovine	DM0VEC1	Major	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Epinephrine and Ergonovine.	Postpartum haemorrhage [JA43]	[80]

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Beta-D-lactose	E00099	6134	Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Epinephrine 0.22 mg powder	0.22 mg	Inhalant Powder	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

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